445. What does God prohibit by his command, “You shall not have other gods before me” (Exodus 20:2)? (part 5 continuation)

445. What does God prohibit by his command, “You shall not have other gods before me” (Exodus 20:2)? (part 5 continuation)     

(Comp 445 repetition) This commandment forbids: * Polytheism and idolatry, which divinizes creatures, power, money, or even demons. * Superstition which is a departure from the worship due to the true God and which also expresses itself in various forms of divination, magic, sorcery and spiritism. * Irreligion which is evidenced: in tempting God by word or deed; in sacrilege, which profanes sacred persons or sacred things, above all the Eucharist; and in simony, which involves the buying or selling of spiritual things. * Atheism which rejects the existence of God, founded often on a false conception of human autonomy. * Agnosticism which affirms that nothing can be known about God, and involves indifferentism and practical atheism.

“In brief”

(CCC 2140) Since it rejects or denies the existence of God, atheism is a sin against the first commandment. 

To deepen and explain

(CCC 2123) "Many… of our contemporaries either do not at all perceive, or explicitly reject, this intimate and vital bond of man to God. Atheism must therefore be regarded as one of the most serious problems of our time" (GS 19 § 1). (CCC 2124) The name "atheism" covers many very different phenomena. One common form is the practical materialism which restricts its needs and aspirations to space and time. Atheistic humanism falsely considers man to be "an end to himself, and the sole maker, with supreme control, of his own history" (GS 20 § 1). Another form of contemporary atheism looks for the liberation of man through economic and social liberation. "It holds that religion, of its very nature, thwarts such emancipation by raising man's hopes in a future life, thus both deceiving him and discouraging him from working for a better form of life on earth" (GS 20 § 2).

Reflection

(CCC 2125) Since it rejects or denies the existence of God, atheism is a sin against the virtue of religion (Cf. Rom 1:18). The imputability of this offense can be significantly diminished in virtue of the intentions and the circumstances. "Believers can have more than a little to do with the rise of atheism. To the extent that they are careless about their instruction in the faith, or present its teaching falsely, or even fail in their religious, moral, or social life, they must be said to conceal rather than to reveal the true nature of God and of religion" (GS 19 § 3). (CCC 2126) Atheism is often based on a false conception of human autonomy, exaggerated to the point of refusing any dependence on God (Cf. GS 20 § 1). Yet, "to acknowledge God is in no way to oppose the dignity of man, since such dignity is grounded and brought to perfection in God...." (GS 21 § 3) "For the Church knows full well that her message is in harmony with the most secret desires of the human heart" (GS 21 § 7). [IT CONTINUES]      

(The question: What does God prohibit by his command, “You shall not have other gods before me” (Exodus 20:2)?  continues)